Safety stop and lock for loading skips



Patented June 23, 1925.

UNITED STATES 1,543,321 PATENT OFFICE.

SVEN DAGOBERT DANIELI AND 130 MICHAEL STURE KAI-LING, OI TROLLHATTAN, SWEDEN, ASSIGNORS TO AKTIEBOLAGET FERROLEGERINGAR, OF STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, A JOINT STOCK COMPANY LIMITED 01 SWEDEN.

IROCESS FOR PRODUCING METALS AND ALLOYS.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SvnN DAGOBERT DAN- IELI and Bo MICHAEL STURE KALLING, sub jects of the King of Sweden,'and residing in Trollhattan, in the Kingdom of Sweden, have invented Certain new and useful Im-' provements in Processes for Producing Metals and Alloys; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to'which it appertains to make and use the same.

The present invention relates to an improved process for the production. by silicothermic reduction, of metals and alloys poor in carbon and silicon. More especially it is intended for the production of metals and alloys practically free from carbon (i. c. with less than 0.25% C.) and poor in silicon, such as, for example,'a ferro-chromium alloy or a term-manganese alloy.

When a substance containing oxygen compounds, such for example, as an ore containing metallic oxides, is reduced with silicon, for example in the form of a highsilicon alloy with more than 10% of silicon, a low-carbon metal or low-carbon alloy as well as a silicate slag are, obtained, if the reduction is carried outunder such Well known conditions that no carbon is supplied from outside during the process. If the metal or alloy reduced is moreover to be poor in silicon, the oxidizing agent must be supplied in excess, resulting in the formation of a slag as a by-product rich in metal oxides, the content of the latter being high when the silicon content of the metal or alloy produced is low, and vice versa.

If it is desired that the metal or alloy reduced by the silico-thermic process should be practically free from carbon, the reducing agent employed must consist of silicon or a silicon alloy with a silicon content which should not be lower than but maybe higher, for example or more.

The quantity of slag formed in the reduction, alloy wit at least 40% of silicon is employed, will be comparatively large, if the metal or alloy produced is to be poor in silicon. ,The slag produced, as a general rule, can beutilized only in part as raw -material in the manufacture of a silicon articula'rly if pure silicon or an Appli'cationfiled December 17, 1923. Serial No. 681,126.

alloy comparatively rich in silicon, for example a silicon alloy with up to about 40% Si. That this is'really the case is clearly illustrated by the following reaction representing as nearly as possible actual conditions of practice. In this reaction Me designates a metal the atomic weight of which is lower than 56, for example Cr or Mn.

6Me,O,+3MeSi +8CaO= (metal oxide) (alloy with more than 40% Si)+(flux) :9Me+2 (3MeOACaO3SiO,) (metal practically'free from carbon and'poor in silicon) +(silicate slag, rich in metal oxide).

The above reaction shows with sufficient clearness that the slagformed as a by-product contains twice as much metal as the quantity supplied to the reduction process in the form of a silicide.

This defect in .the silico-thermic reduction process of yielding as a byroduct a quantity of slag rich in metals w ich cannot be completely utilized with advantage is eliminated by our present process of producing low-carbon and low-silicon metals and alloys by the silico-thermic reduction of ores. The characteristic and essential feature of the process is that the reducing agent consisting of silicon or silicon alloys relatively rich in silicon, preferably with at least 40% of silicon, is first oxidized,

with an insufiicient quantity of oxidizing agent, such as an ore containing metallic oxides, for forming an alloy poor in carbon and relatively rich in silicon (but in all cases with a percentage of silicon, lower than that in the alloy which has been artially oxidized) and a silicate slag which is relatively poor in metal oxides. It will be understood that when the silicate slag is poor in metal oxides, the silicon content of the metals or alloys formed generally will be high. The last-mentioned alloy relatively rich in silicon is then oxidized with an excess of ore, which results in the formation of a slag rich in metal oxide, and a metal or alloy low in carbon and silicon. This slag, other circumstances being equal, is richer in metal oxide according as the low-carbon metal or alloy is lower in silicon.

The essential advantage of our process, as compared with the older rocess described above should be lufliclently clear Juhe 23, 1925. 1,543,322

N. K. DAVIS SAFETY STOP AND LOCK FOR LOADI NG SKIPS Filed Aug. 5, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented June 23, 1925.

' UNITED STATES" NORRIS K. DAVIS, OF SAN;FRANGI SGO, CALIFORNIA.

SAFETY STOP AND LOOK FOR LOADING SKIPS.

Application filed August 5, 1924. Serial No. 730,195..

-To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, NoRRIs Davis, a citizen of the United States, residing in clty and county of San Francisco, and State of California, have invented certain new and I useful Improvements in Safety Stops and Locks for Loading Skips, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to concrete mixers.

The object of the invention is to .provlde a means whereby the clutch of said machine will be disengaged uponthe skip attaining a certain height, thuseliminating all damage that might result to the machine by failure of the operator to halt the forward motion of the skip.

Another object of the invention is to provide a braking means for said machine when the clutch is disengaged, thus holding the skip in its elevated position and preventing it from falling thus eliminating the possibility of injury to the operator and workmen.

With the above mentioned and other objects in view, the invention consists in the novel construction and combination of parts hereinafter described, illustrated in the accompanying sheets of drawings and set forth in the claims hereto annexed, it being understood that various changes in form, propor tion, size and minor details of construction within the scope of the claims may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings- Figure 1 is a view in perspective of a preferred embodiment of my invention.

Figure 2 is a .side elevation enlarged, showing the clutch in cross-section.

Figure 3 is an elevation taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2. t

Figure 4 is a fragmentary view of th brake lever and operating means.

In the drawings, wherein like characters of reference designate corresponding parts, 1 indicates a frame upon which is mounted a conventional type of concrete mixer. The mixer may be driven from any power source such as indicated at 2 which operates the rotary mixing drum 3, through the medium of the shaft 4 and clutch not shown.

Carried by the frame 1 is the superstructure 6, upon which is mounted the shaft 8 which has at one of its ends a Windlass wheel 9.0pe-rated by the main cable 9. In spaced relation upon said shaft are situated the winding drums 7 which are adapted to wind up the cables 7 attached to the pivotly mounted skip. 10, thus hoisting the same.

Upon one of the members of the supe'rstruc-.v

ture 6 is mounted 'a bracket 13 to which the angle lever 14 is fulcrumed at 15. Connected with the lever 14 is the toggle 16, the other end of which is connected with the brake and clutch lever 17 at point 18. p

' Thetoggle 16 due to its flexing provides a locking means when the lever 14 ismoved to engage or disengage the clutch. To the bracket 13 is attached one end of a spring 32 the other end beingattached to the clutch and brake lever 17 at 33.

The clutch and brake lever 17 is connected with the sliding rotating member 5 of the clutch 5 by being slotted at 21 over the pins 19 extending from the clutch collar 19 into which rotatably fits the hub 20 of the sliding clutch member. clutch 5 is freely mounted upon the shaft 4, and said member comprises the main power drum 22. The outer surface of said member also serves as a brake drum. The lower portion of the clutch and brake lever is con nected at 23 with a brake band lever 24 to one end of which is attached the free end of a brake band 25 which coacts with the brake drum 22, the other end being adjustably secured to the stud 26 by means of the nuts 27, Fig. 3.

The brake and clutch lever 17 is automatically operated by means of a skip lever 28 which is pivoted to the bracket 29, mounted upon the superstructure 6, at points 30. An adjustable stud 31 protrudes from the lower end of'said lever and is adapted to restat all times against the lever 14 when the lever is in position, Fig. 1.

To operate the device set forth in the drawings the attendant throws the lever 14 inward, which not only engages the clutch,

but also forces the skip lever 28 into outward position. Upon engagement of the clutch the skip is in'operation and so continues until the skip 10 is raised and the spout 11 of said skip is fitted within the opening 12 of the rotary drum 3 and the contents of said skip discharged within said opening. The skip continues its forward movement until its side wallstrikes the skip lever 28 pushing the same inward, forcing the lever 14 outward, thus flexing the toggle 16 from a The other member 5 of the downward angle to an upward or normal position, throwing the clutch and brake lever in a reverse position and disengaging the clutch. Upon the reverse movement of the clutch and brake lever the end of the brake band lever, upon which is secured the free end of the brake band, is thrown downward tightening the brake band about the brake drum and held in position by the spring 32, thus stopping the elevation of the skip and .maintaining the same in its upward position.

To lower the skip a slight pressure upon the lever 14- is all that is necessary. This releases to some extentthe brake and allows the skip to be slowly lowered.

' I claim:

1. In a concrete mixer, a movable skip;

' means for operating the same including a clutch and a brake; a spring controlled lever for simultaneously throwing the clutch into function and the brake out of function and vice versa; an operating lever; a toggle connection interposed between said operating ,ed by its flexing to opposite sides to hold said levers in adjusted positions; and means dependent upon the movement of the skip for actuating the operating lever.

2. In a concrete mixer, a movable skip; means for operating the same including a clutch and a brake; a spring controlled lever for simultaneously throwing the clutch into function and the brake out of function and vice versa; an operating lever; a toggle connection interposed between said operating glever and said clutch and brake lever adaptlever and said clutch and brake lever adapt-.

ed by its flexing to opposite sides to hold said levers in adjusted positions; and means dependent upon the movement of the skip for actuating the operating lever comprising a trip lever associated with said operating lever and with which the skip is adapted to contact.

In testimony whereof I- have signed my name to this specification.

NORRIS K. DAVIS. 

